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4th European LS-DYNA Conference

Computational Micro-Mechanical Model of Composite & Flexible Woven Fabric with Fiber Reorientation
Ala Tabiei, Ivelin Ivanov - University of Cincinnat
 
Improved Plasticity and Failure models for Extruded MgProfiles in Crash Simulations
Gernot Oberhofer, Harry Dell, Dmitri Dell, Helmut Gese - MATFEM Partnerschaft Dr. Gese & Oberhofer Horst Lanzerath, Jürgen Wesemann - Ford Forschungszentrum
Elke Hombergsmeier - EADS Corporate Research Center
The Crash Simulation of Magnesium Structures with Finite Element Methods demands the use of suitable material and failure models. An associated plasticity model describing the complex asymmetric yield behaviour in tension and compression of Mg extrusions has been developed during the InMaK-project (Innovative Magnesium Compound Structures for Automobile Frames) supported by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF). ...
A new constitutive model for nitrogen austenitic stainless steel
S. Fréchard, A. Lichtenberger, F. Rondot, N. Faderl - Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches, France
Redjaïmia - Laboratoire de Science et Génie des surfaces, France
M. Adoum - CRIL, France
Quasi-static, quasi-dynamic and dynamic compression tests have been performed on a nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless steel. This alloy achieves a high hardening modulus and a good ductility at all strain rates. In addition, this steel is very sensitive to strain rate. The temperature sensitivity has been determined for temperatures varying between 20°C and 400°C. Microstructural analysis has been performed on samples subjected to different ...
A simplified approach to the simulation of rubber-like materials under dynamic loading
Paul A. Du Bois - consulting engineer
The simulation of rubber materials is becoming increasingly important in automotive crashworthiness simulations. Although highly sophisticated material laws are available in LS-DYNA to model rubber parts, the determination of material properties can be non-trivial and time consuming. In many applications, the rubber component is mainly loaded uniaxially at rather high strain rates. In this paper a simplified material model for rubber is ...
Implementation and Validation of the Johnson-Holmquist Ceramic Material Model in LS-Dyna
Cronin D. S., Kaufmann C. - University of Waterloo
McIntosch G., Bui K., Berstad T. - LSTC
Ceramic materials are commonly used in protective armour applications and may be subject to high-energy ballistic impacts in these situations. Under simple loading conditions, ceramics may be regarded as elastic-brittle materials. However, when considering ballistic impacts, the post-yield response of the ceramic becomes significant. One of the most widely used constitutive models for simulating the postyield response of ceramic materials is the ...
The application of the damage & fracture material model to crashworthiness evaluations for Aluminum cars
Tsuchida T., Yamamoto S. -Toyota Motor Corp.
Isomura K. - Toyota Industries Corp.
In an evaluation of crashworthiness for the cars that are made of aluminum alloys, the evaluations that consider a fracture phenomenon come to be needed because conventional aluminum alloys have low fracture strain (10 - 20%). Since an original damage & fracture material model of LS-DYNA, namely MAT_PLASTICITY_WITH _DAMAGE: MAT81 has a damage & fracture characteristic in case of compressive strain state, real collision phenomena can not be ...
Implementation of a material model for TRIP-steels in LS-DYNA and comparison with test results
Daniel Hilding - Engineering Research Nordic AB
Erik Schedin - AvestaPolarit AB
This paper describes the implementation of a new material model into LS-DYNA version 960, LSTC (1-4), a material model capable of predicting the TRIP-effect of HyTensX for different forming operations in different temperature scenarios. The implementation is verified by comparing measurements from three tension tests with simulations of the tension tests. The comparison shows good to excellent agreement, which is a strong indication that the ...
Modelling of Foams using MAT83 – Preparation and Evaluation of Experimental Data
Enver Serifi - Universität Stuttgart
Andreas Hirth, Stefan Matthaei - DaimlerChrysler AG
Heiner Müllerschön - DYNAmore GmbH
Foam materials are widely used in automotive industry such as energy absorbers and comfort enhancers. Because of high energy absorbing capability of foams, they became very important in vehicle crashworthiness. So in this manner, FE modelling of foam materials also becomes important. Although foam materials are very promising materials, not that much study has been done about foams comparing to other commonly used materials like steel, etc. Some ...
On Constitutive Equations For Elastomers And Elastomeric Foams
William W. Feng, John O. Hallquist - Livermore Software Technology Corporation
The Hill-Ogden elastic constitutive equation for incompressible and compressible rubber-like materials is presented. The derivation and computer programs to determine the material constants for these equations from uniaxial and biaxial tests are included. These constitutive equations and the computer programs for determining the material constants have been implemented into LS-DYNA. A few examples are shown. Some special cases are given to ...
Modelling of Foams using MAT83 - Preparation and Evaluation of Experimental Data
Enver Serifi - Universität Stuttgart
Andreas Hirth, Stefan Matthaei - DaimlerChrysler AG
Heiner Müllerschön - DYNAmore GmbH
Foam materials are widely used in automotive industry such as energy absorbers and comfort enhancers. Because of high energy absorbing capability of foams, they became very important in vehicle crashworthiness. So in this manner, FE modelling of foam materials also becomes important. Although foam materials are very promising materials, not that much study has been done about foams comparing to other commonly used materials like steel, etc. ...
FAT SIDE IMPACT DUMMY MODLES REMARKS ON USAGE AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS
Ulrich Franz, Peter Schuster, Werner Schmid, Oliver Graf - DYNAmore GmbH
Detailed finite element side impact dummy models of the USSID, EUROSID, and ES-2 have been developed in cooperation with the German Association for Automotive Research (FAT) during the last 5 years. All models are validated using tests at material and component levels as well as fully assembled models. The models are used by nearly all car manufacturers worldwide who use LS-DYNA for occupant safety simulations. The paper describes modeling ...
Simulation of proposed FMVSS 202 using LS-DYNA Implicit
Vikas Patwardhan, Babushankar Sambamoorthy, Tuhin Halder - Lear Corporation
Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202 applies to automotive seat head restraints, and their attachment assemblies. The regulation is aimed at reducing the frequency and severity of neck injuries due to huge forces resulting from vehicle crashes. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the LS-DYNA IMPLICIT code vis-à-vis the simulation of the proposed FMVSS 202 regulation. The proposed changes to the FMVSS 202 standard incorporates a ...
On Airbag Simulation in LS –DYNA with the use of the Arbitrary Lagrangian - Eulerian Method
Dmitri Fokin, Nitin Lokhande, Lars Fredriksson - Altair Engineering GmbH, Germany
In the present paper a basic finite element model of an ALE thorax side airbag with a simplified gas generator will be considered. In particular, it will be discussed how to define boundary conditions and properties of the inflating gas. A possible general approach to ALE airbag validation to fit results of a standard body block test will be described. Finally numerical results for a push-away test for an ALE and corresponding CV airbag will be ...
Biomechanical analysis of whiplash injuries; women are not scaled down men
Mordaka J., Gentle C. R. - Nottingham Trent University
Whiplash is the most common soft tissue injury sustained in car accidents. The term is commonly associated with hyperextension of the neck as the head rotates backwards in rear end collisions but the exact injury mechanism is not fully understood because the neck is an anatomically and mechanically complex structure. Experimental studies of the mechanism of injury are limited by several ethical and practical factors, so biomechanical ...
More Realistic Virtual Prototypes by means of Process Chain Optimisation
Peter Gantner, Herbert Bauer - Aalen University
David K. Harrison, Anjali K. M. De Silva - Glasgow Caledonian University
This paper is concerned with closing a gap in the process chain of metal forming. Tools for simulating the metal forming process like LS-DYNA® produce output geometries and stress information which cannot be easily re-imported in CADSystems or structure analysis programs for further processing. A concept has been developed and implemented with a corresponding program which allows the re-importation of parts with certain topologies (tube, plane) ...
A method for modifying the forming tool geometry in order to compensate for springback effects
Anders Jernberg - Engineering Research Nordic AB, Sweden
There is always a certain amount of springback deformation in a metal forming process. The high strength steel is becoming a more attractive choice for many applications when low weight of the structure is of importance. One major drawback with the high strength steel is that the springback deformation increased compared to low strength steel. All currently known techniques to reduce the springback deformation are used in tool design today, so ...
“Forming to Crash” Simulation in Full Vehicle Models
Janka Cafolla, Roger W. Hall, David P. Norman, Iain J. McGregor - Corus Automotive
Improving the accuracy of virtual prototypes helps to shorten product development times and reduces the number of physical prototypes required. One way in which the accuracy of crash analysis can be improved is to include the effects of forming in the material properties. Corus has developed a three-step “Forming to Crash” process to account for formed properties in crash analysis during both concept and detailed vehicle design stages. The first ...
Simulation of the forming process of the Metal-Plastic-Metal sheets
Dr. R. Borg - Engineering Research Nordic AB
Metal-Plastic-Metal (MPM) sheets consists of two metal sheets bonded together by a thin polymer layer. Modelling this sheet structure with a single shell element gives a too stiff response. The large shear deformation in the polymer layer can not be represented correctly. A method is presented on how to simmulate the forming process of MPM-sheets by which the two metal sheets are modelled with two layers of shell elements. The bonding polymer is ...
Finite Element Analysis of Stresses Due to Normal and Sliding Contact Conditions on an Elastic Surface
Anantha Ram B.S., Joachim Danckert, Torben Faurholdt - Aalborg University, Denmark
Wear prediction necessitates the investigation of elastic stresses developed in the workpiece material due to impact and sliding of abrasive particles in tribological contact situations. LS-Dyna implicit finite element analysis is used to investigate these contact stresses in the workpiece material under imposed Hertzian pressure loading. A line contact condition (cylindrical body on a plane surface) is assumed and the predicted stress field is ...
Sheet Metal Forming: Spring-back of hydro mechanical deep drawn parts
Jens Buchert, Herbert Bauer - University of Applied Sciences, Germany
David K. Harrison, Anjali De Silva - Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
Active hydro mechanical forming (AHMF) has been developed in order to meet the demand of the automotive industry for economical production of sheet metal parts with more individuality in small lot sizes. Conventional deep drawing of automobile parts which have large outer surface areas (such as roofs, doors and hoods) leaves them with a very small dent resistance. This is caused by the low deformation degree in the middle of the part. This low ...
Influence of the Effect of Strain Rates on Springback in Aluminum 2024 (ISO AlCu4Mg1)
Pravin Kulkarni, Shashikiran Prabhakar - Cessna Aircraft Company
Forming of aluminum sheets in T-temper is a much sought after industrial process, especially in the aircraft industry. However, the success of this process largely hinges on the ability to predict springback accurately. Aluminum sheets in T-temper exhibit approximately twenty percent variability in material properties and also the amount of springback is very large. This makes tool design for aluminum in T-temper an iterative and difficult to ...
Sheet Metal Forming in a Virtual Reality Environment using LS-DYNA and Neural Networks
Ashwini S. Gokhale - Wichita State University
Manufacturing process simulation using finite element techniques has immensely contributed to ensuring the success of concurrent design methodologies. However, Finite Element Methods (FEM) is computationally expensive and consequently unsuitable for design and manufacturing optimization in a production environment. In this research, a coupled Artificial Intelligence (AI) and FEM technique was developed to simulate and predict process response to ...
Stress Analysis of Connector Pin Produced by Reverse Stamping Process with LS-DYNA Numerical Simulation and Comparison to Experiments
Won Yong-Hee, Kim Jeong-Ho, Lee Young-Jun - LG Cable Ltd
The conventional progressive stamping process used in producing connector pin makes the pin-shift from side to side due to elastic recovery reffered to springback phenomenon. As the solution of this problem, the reverse stamping process was introduced to the production process of connector pin in LG Cable. In this study, we performed research on the feasibility of reverse stamping process to support a design guide of which process. For this ...
Newly Developed Capabilities of DYNAFORM Version 5.0
Wenliang Chen, Dingyu Chen, H.Xie, Quanqing Yan, Arthur Tang, Chin Chun Chen - Engineering Technology Associates, Inc., USA
Over the past two decades, the finite element analysis (FEA) has emerged as one of the most important engineering tools in the many industries, due to its flexibility and accuracy in prediction. Nowadays, it is widely used in sheet metal forming industry to predict the forming feasibility of wide variety of complex components, ranging from aerospace and automotive components to household products. As the demand of FEA accelerates, the need for a ...
Manufacturing Simulation of an Automotive Hood Assembly
Chris Galbraith, Dylan Thomas - Centre for Automotive Materials and Manufacturing currently with Honda R&D Americas, Inc.
Mark Finn - Alcan International Ltd.
This paper presents the results of applying the finite element method to calculating the spring back of an automotive hood assembly, and its application to the functional build method. The assembly was comprised of six individual panels: an inner panel, an outer panel, a major reinforcement, a latch reinforcement, and two hinge reinforcements. Finite element simulations were conducted for forming each of the six components. Each component was ...
Process optimised FEA- Calculation for Hydroforming Components
Michael Keigler, Herbert Bauer - University of Applied Sciences, Aalen, Germany
Richard Hall - University of Wolverhampton, UK
Prof. Musa Mihsein - De Montfort University, UK
Virtual Die Tryout of Miniature Stamping Parts
Ming-Chang Yang, Tien-Chi Tsai - Metal Industries R&D Center, Taiwan
The authors would like to present the whole procedure of using dynamic explicit finite element method to aid multi-stage miniature stamping die design. How to cost down and time saving are the key issues for tool maker in Taiwan. It has been applied to many automobile components and metalwork successfully by computer aided design and engineering analysis. In this paper, we dedicated our application of these technologies to small scale stamping ...
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SUPERPLASTIC FORMING PROCESS USING LS-DYNA
Haryanti Samekto - Universitaet Stuttgart
Karl Roll - DaimlerChrysler AG
Superplastic forming process has been a standard manufacturing process in aircraft industry and its applications in other industries are increasing. Superplasticity is utilised in forming parts which can not be produced technically or economically using materials with ordinary ductility. As superplastic deformation should be carried out under certain strain rate in which m value is maximal, the finite element method is applied to model the ...
Application of MADYMO Occupant Models in LS-DYNA/MADYMO Coupling
Happee R., Janssen, A.J., Fraterman E., Monster J.W. - TNO Automotive
The LS-DYNA – MADYMO coupling has been extended so that users gain maximal flexibility in their choice of software and models. Where the traditional coupling allowed only MADYMO ellipsoids and planes to contact entities in the coupled code, now contact can also be defined with MADYMO FE. This enables state of the art MADYMO dummy models, subsystem models, barrier models and human models to be applied in the coupling with LS-DYNA.
*MAT GAS MIXTURE, a new gas mixture model for airbag applications
Lars Olovsson - LSTC
Recent efforts to model fully coupled CFD-airbag processes have motivated the implementation of a gas mixture model in LS-DYNA. The new model, *MAT GAS MIXTURE, allows the mixing of up to eight different gases. It is designed to conserve the total energy of the system. Kinetic energy dissipated in the ALE advection process is automatically transformed into heat. The article serves as a description of the gas mixture model and of the accompanying ...
Development of a 50th Percentile Hybrid III Dummy Model
Cing-Dao (Steve) Kan, Dhafer Marzougui, Nabih E. Bedewi - The George Washington University
Due to significant improvements in computer technology and finite element (FE) code capabilities, it has become more feasible and effective to incorporate occupant models in the analysis and evaluation of vehicle crashworthiness and safety. Using Detailed FE models that incorporate the vehicle, restrains systems, and occupants, in automotive safety analyses have shown advantages over the traditional methods where the vehicle and occupants are ...
Finite Element Models for European Testing: Finite Element Models for European Testing: Side Impact Barrier to WG13 Pedestrian Impactors to WG17
Trevor Dutton - Arup Solihull, UK
Development and Validation of Numerical Pedestrian Impactor Models
Thomas Frank - Daimler Chrysler AG
Artur Kurz - LASSO Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH
Martin Pitzer - PENG GmbH
Michael Söllner - Porsche AG
Prediction of Occupant Injury in an Out-of-Position Impact Using the Fluid Structure Interaction Capabilities in LS-DYNA
Dr. P.O. Marklund - Engineering Research Nordic AB
Dr. B. Pipkorn, C.F. Lindh - Autoliv Research AB
 
Crash Simulation in Pedestrian Protection
Susanne Dörr, Hartmut Chladek, Armin Huß - Ingenieurbüro Huß & Feickert
 
LS-DYNA Applications in Shipbuilding
Hervé Le Sourne, Nicolas Couty, François Besnier - Principa Marine, France
Cyrille Kammerer, Hervé Legavre - DCN Ingénierie, France
Ship and submarine structures have long been studied thanks to finite element methods. Their large dimension and complexity, the coupling with heavy fluid and the presence of a free surface raise numerical problems on the field of dynamic analysis. This is particularly true for extreme or accidental situations such as collision and grounding, underwater explosion and severe fluid impact. This paper describes first numerical methods and tools ...
Implicit Functionality in LS-DYNA v970
Dr. B. Maker, Dr. R. Grimes, Dr. C. Ashcraft - Livermore Software Technology Corp.
How to Develop a Five Star Car by using LS-DYNA
R. Malcusson - Saab Automobile AB
 
Current and future developments of LS-DYNA I
Dr. Hallquist J. O. - Livermore Software Technology Corp.
LSTC’s Perspective on the future Version 970 status Recent developments for crash Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian Developments Implicit Developments EFG (Mesh-free) Developments MPP Outlook
Current and future developments of LS-DYNA II
Dr. Hallquist J. O. - Livermore Software Technology Corp.
 
LS- Dyna on MPP Platforms, Experiences and Practical Recommendations
Rainer Emrich, Udo Jankowski - Tecosim GmbH
 
Impact Performance of Flexible Guardrail Systems using LS-DYNA
Khaled Sennah - Ryerson University
Magdy Samaan - University of Windsor
Ahmed Elmarakbi - University of Toronto
 
Validation Simulation of New Railway Rolling Stock Using the Finite Element Method
Martin Wilson, Ben Ricketts
Bombardier Transportation is the largest manufacturer of rail vehicles in the world. The current product portfolio includes a wide variety of vehicles from low speed ‘people movers’ through to high speed inter-city trains. Bombardier offers products in every sector of the passenger rail equipment market and therefore is required to meet a number of national and international crash safety requirements. These requirements range from simple static ...
The Evaluation of Crashworthiness of Vehicles with Forming Effect
Hyunsup Kim, Sungoh Hong, Seokgil Hong - KIA Motors
Hoon Huh - Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
This paper is concerned with a crash analysis for vehicle structures considering forming effects. The properties of formed vehicle structures have been effected and changed by such as work hardening, non-uniform thickness distribution resulted from the forming process. The crash analysis of vehicle structures with the forming effects leads to different results from those without such effects. In this study, the forming effects of the front side ...
Integration of Simulation in the Development Process
J. Brockmann - Faurecia Autositze GmbH & Co. KG
LS-DYNA on Linux-Clusters at EDAG Use Case
John U.S. Hanlon - EDAG Engineering & Design AG
Bernward Platz - Teraport GmbH
At EDAG, the increasing demand for crash simulations with LS-DYNA required the expansion of the existing compute resources in the beginning of 2002. As at this point there was a stable and performant MPP-version of LS-DYNA available, EDAG decided - despite of the new technology - to purchase a Linux-cluster consisting of 8 nodes and 16 processors. Meanwhile EDAG has deployed over 14 clusters at three different locations. Whereas at the ...
Simulation of a Vehicle Running on to a Curb by Using Tire and Vehicle FE Models
Tatsuya Fukushima,
Hitoshi Shimonishi - NISSAN MOTOR CO.,LTD
Kimihiro Hayashi - The Japan Research Institute, Limited
Masaki Shiraishi - SUMITOMO RUBBER INDUSTRIES, LTD
A simplified FE tire model has capability to solve a large deformation of a tire on a vehicle running simulation with acceptable computational time. We tried to simulate a vehicle running on to a curb, one of vehicle strength tests, by using simplified FE tire models and a vehicle FE model which has detailed suspension models. It is necessary to solve the force to a wheel with good agreement with a car test, in order to estimate the force to ...
Safety Analysis of the New Actros Megaspace Cabin According to ECE-R29/02
Horst Raich - DaimlerChrysler AG
During the development of truck cabins the safety of the driver and the front seat passenger in an accident is considered. The cab must be designed in such a way that in an accident a sufficient survival space is guaranteed. The legal requirements of cabin safety are fixed in Europe in the regulation ECE-R29. In order to reduce the number of iteration loops during the development process, a computational simulation method for the load cases roof ...
Reasons for Scatter in Crash Simulation Results
Clemens-August Thole, Liquan Mei - Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing
In crash simulation, small changes of the model or boundary conditions may result in substantial changes of the simulation results. For a BMW car model, the node positions of the crashed model show differences of up to 14 cm between several executions on a parallel machine for the same input deck. For the Dodge Neon testcase, small variations of the barrier position result in substantial scatter of the intrusion. Detailed investigations of ...
Improving the Roadside Safety with Computational Simulations
Matej Vesenjak, Zoran Ren - University of Maribor
The road restraint systems on public streets are used to prevent a vehicle to veer off the road or its breakthrough to the opposite side of the road. The road restraint systems designed according to the EN 1317 standard are intended to provide certifiable levels of vehicle containment, to redirect errant vehicles and to provide guidance for pedestrians and other road users. Its proper design is therefore crucially important for safety of all ...
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