Comparative Evaluation of Material Models for Crush Simulation of Cast Aluminum Alloy Wheel

Wheels play a critical role in vehicle safety, especially during severe crash scenarios such as small overlap frontal impacts. In these situations, energy typically absorbed by components like bumpers and crash boxes is instead transferred directly to the wheels, which can intrude into the passenger compartment and pose severe risks to occupants. However, most of the current research related to wheels are mainly focusing on the light-weight design, next-generation material selection (HSS, AHSS, DP, etc.), wheel fatigue life improvement, and standards, such as the SAE J175 [1] lateral impact test and the SAE J3203 [2] radial