Fluid added mass modeling in LS-DYNA and its application in structural vibration

Many structures, machines, or devices are operated partially in water, like surface ships, vessels, semi-submersible platforms. Some others may work completely in water, like submarines. For any of them, water has an important influence on their dynamic response. For most cases, a strong coupling between structures and surrounding water is required to get a good simulation of vibration response of structures subjected to shock or wave loadings. Unfortunately, a fully coupled simulation involving both structures and water explicitly can be expensive. Besides, with the traditional finite element method, meshing a large volume water body and defining non-reflection boundary conditions (e.g., Perfectly Matched Layer [1]) on the truncated boundary can be challenging and needs some experience.