Simulation of Granular Ceramic Armor Under Impact from Bullets

Ballistic impact is studied for a novel form of armor, granular ceramic armor. Ceramic granules, in the millimeter size range, are closely packed and bonded together using a relatively soft polymer. This composite layer rests on a rigid backing. In field tests such panels have already shown the capability to stop armor piercing rifle rounds. The goal of the study is to determine the detailed mechanisms of energy and momentum dissipation. Because of the granular structure, the armor performance depends on the exact impact position. We are particularly interested in determining the weakest points for further design improvements. Mapping of exit velocities indicates that some of the stronger and weaker points are at surprising impact positions due to grain tumbling.