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7th International LS-DYNA Conference

CRASHWORTHINESS: NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VEHILCE-STEEL POLE CRASH
Magdy Samaan - University of Windsor
Ahmed Elmarakbi - University of Toronto
Khaled Sennah - Ryerson University
The objective of this paper is to generate research information to enhance energy absorption characteristics in transportation infrastructures involved in vehicle crash accidents. A finite-element computer model, using the available LS-DYNA software, was developed to simulate crashes of a vehicle and a traffic light steel pole in frontal impact. The finite-element vehicle model was based on a 1991, 4-door, Ford Taurus. The steel pole was ...
PARAMETRIC STUDY ON IMPROVEMENT OF G4(1S) STRONG POST GUARDRAIL SYSTEM
Jin Wu, Ala Tabiei - Department of Aerospace Eng. & Eng. Mechanics
The G4(1S) strong post guardrail system is the most common guardrail system in the USA. Full- scale crash testing indicated that the vehicle rolled onto its impact side after exiting the guardrail system. This collision behavior of the roadside structure increases the occupant risk and is considered unsatisfactory for safety. Improvement of the G4(1S) guardrail system becomes an important issue concerned by the FHWA. The subject of this ...
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SLIDING CONTACT BETWEEN A CIRCULAR ASPERITY AND AN ELASTIC URFACE IN PLANE STRAIN CONDITION
S. Subutay Akarca, Dr. William J. Altenhof, Dr. Ahmet T. Alpas - University of Windsor
Wear is a critical phenomenon affecting service life of products. Therefore, wear prediction is an important concern of study. In this study, sliding contact was modeled using LS-DYNA. FEMB was used to create the geometry of the model and the input file was manually modified as necessary. Studies were done to test, calibrate, and validate the model in LS-DYNA before simulation of the sliding wear by an asperity sliding over a plastically ...
APPLICATION OF LS-DYNA IN NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE TRAJECTORIES
Jerry W. Wekezer - FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
Krzysztof Cichocki - Technical University of Koszalin
Errant vehicles may pose a serious threat to neighboring traffic of pedestrians, bicyclists, and even to their drivers in a densely populated urban environment. Accident reconstructions have indicated that street curbs do not offer any meaningful protection against errant vehicles, which can easily traverse street curbs even at small velocity and shallow angles. The paper presents research results of a study, in which computational mechanics ...
Optimum Design of a Steel Bar Breaking System in a Sled Test Facility Using LS-OPT
In-Yong Jo, Young-Gu Chung, Hyung-Joo Lee, Jae Moon Lim - CAE Team, KOSTECH Inc.
The steel bar breaking system is a component of sled test system for the automobile crashworthiness. The purpose of this study is to optimize the steel bar breaking system in order to extract the crash pulse close to the barrier test result. The design variables are the height, the thickness and the number of each array of the steel bar plates. The optimum design is obtained using DOE (design of experiments) and RSM (response surface method) ...
Economically Improving Crash Worthiness of a Large Propane Tanker
Phillip H. Burnside - PPG Industries
Ed Hampton - Engineering Applied Sciences Inc.
Approximately every three years a 65,000 lb propane tractor-trailer crashes resulting in explosion that usually kills several people. The study presented in this paper first simulates the effects observed at one of these accident sites. This was simulated in LS-DYNA by building a full length model of the tanker trailer and also including the liquid in the tanker. The presence of the liquid in the model provide the initial effects of liquid ...
USGA Rule 4-1e Optimization of a Golf Driver Head Using LS-DYNA and Altair HyperStudy®
Tom Mase - Michigan State University
Eric Nelson, Jeff Brennan - Altair Engineering
Bruce Pettibone - Independent Consultant
A simulation of USGA’s test procedure for Rule 4-1e was optimized using 3 shape and 10 size design variables. The optimized solution increased the coefficient of restitution from 0.845 to 0.917 while maintaining stresses below 150 ksi and club head mass at 200 g.
STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION USING SPACE MAPPING AND SURROGATE MODELS
Marcus Redhe - Linköping University
Larsgunnar Nilsson - Engineering Research Nordic AB and Linkoping University
The aim of this paper is to determine if Space Mapping technique using Surrogate Models in combination with the Response Surfaces Methodology (RSM) is useful in optimization of crashworthiness applications. In addition, the efficiency of optimization using Space Mapping will be compared to conventional structural optimization using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). To determine the response surfaces, several evaluations must be ...
Applications of LS-DYNA in Electronics Products
Hanks Hsu, Brian Hsiao - Flotrend Corporation
Portable electronic devices have become smaller and lighter but they are also easily damaged during accidentally drop situation. Therefore, new electronic products are usually needed to pass requirements of shock and drop test before actually delivering to customers. FEM simulation provides engineers a useful and powerful approach to identify the potential weakness of products before the prototype is even made. The report will introduce ...
A Virtual Golf Robot for Golf Equipment Simulation
Tom Mase - Michigan State University
The equations of motion for a two-lever pendulum are developed using Lagrange's equation. An assumed kinematic golf swing is used to generate generalized forces to drive the golf robot. These moments are used to generate a golf robot swing using LS-DYNA. The LS-DYNA model is flexible enough so that the model can be used as a virtual laboratory.
Finite Element Modeling of Cable Hook Bolts
John D. Reid - Brian A. Coon - University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Component analysis of any complex system is frequently required to determine the true accuracy of a finite element model. Although a composite system may yield the “correct” final results, the system is not truly accurate unless individual components are performing correctly. The purpose of this paper is to describe the component testing and finite element modeling of a standard 5/16”-18 x 2” galvanized shoulder hook bolt used in cable ...
APPLICATIONS OF LS-DYNA TO STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO RECOVERY SYSTEMS AND OTHER FABRIC STRUCTURES
Benjamin A. Tutt, Anthony P. Taylor - Irvin Aerospace Inc.
Irvin Aerospace Inc., has used the LS-DYNA Explicit Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tool for over five years for the analysis of static and dynamic fabric problems. The References provide many examples of this previous work. Our first application was the analysis of airbag landings for several spacecraft programs, including Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV’s), various Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV’s), Military Airdrop Systems, and planetary ...
ALE and Fluid-Structure Interaction Capabilities in LS-DYNA
M’hamed Souli - Universite des Sciences et Technologie de Lille
Lars Olovsson, Ian Do - Livermore Software Technology Corporation
A new Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling algorithm and improved multi-material ALE-capabilities have made LS-DYNA an efficient tool for analyzing large deformation processes, such as bird strike events, forging operations and penetration problems. This paper contains four example problems that illustrate the current features of the code.
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF LS-DYNA TO FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION (FSI) PROBLEMS IN RECOVERY SYSTEM DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
Anthony P. Taylor - Irvin Aerospace Inc.
Irvin Aerospace Inc. has used the LS-DYNA Explicit Finite Element Analysis (FEA) tool for over five years for that analysis of static and dynamic fabric problems. The references provide many examples of this previous work. Our first application was the analysis of airbag landings for several spacecraft programs, including Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV’s), various Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV’s), Military Airdrop Systems, and planetary ...
New LS-DYNA Fluids Solvers
Grant O. Cook, Zeng-Chan Zhang - Livermore Software Technology Corporation
This paper discusses two new fluid solvers that will be included with releases of LS-DYNA after LS960. The first one is a new compressible solver based upon the Space-Time Conservation Element and Solution Element Method (or the CE/SE method for short), and the second one is an incompressible fluid FEM solver.
SIMULATION OF AIRBAG DEPLOYMENT USING A COUPLED FLUID-STRUCTURE APPROACH
Per-Olof Marklund - Linköping University
Larsgunnar Nilsson - Engineering Research Nordic AB and Linköping University,
This paper explores simulation techniques for airbag inflation using a coupled fluid-structure approach. The application is to be seen as an initial study on the phenomena occurring in an airbag during an Out of Position occupant impact. The application problem is an airbag that is set to impact a head form. The head form is positioned at a very short distance from the airbag. A Multi Material Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian technique in ...
Energy-Absorbing Wheel Tethers for Racecars
Brian A. Coon - M.S.C.E., E.I.T.
John D. Reid - University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Wheel tethers are frequently used on racecars to prevent detached wheels from flying freely away from the car and injuring spectators. Extremely stiff tethers may cause the wheel assembly to be either yanked back toward the car, putting the driver in danger or to be snapped free at an uncontrolled trajectory, exposing spectators, other drivers, and workers to danger. Conceptual design of energy absorbing wheel tether systems was performed ...
Analyzing Elastomer Automotive Body Seals Using LS-DYNA
Linhuo Shi - TG North America Corporation
Several different elastomer automotive body seals (weatherstrips or weather seals) are analyzed using explicit solver of LS-DYNA. The results are compared with those obtained from non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) solvers widely used for elastomer analysis as well as the experimental results. It is found that properly modeled LS-DYNA can be a very good tool for elastomer body seal analysis, especially for the analysis with potential ...
Automotive Door Sealing System Analysis
Rosa Zhao, Frank Lee, Thomas Oetjens - General Motors Corp.
Door sealing system is one of the most important automotive quality issues. Problems with door seal system could cause water leakage, wind noise and hard to open or close, which impair customer’s satisfaction of the vehicle. That is why the door seal problem is always among the Hardy Perennial Top 10 list in JD Power Tracking Study. The design rationality and manufacturing process are important aspects for the functionality and performance ...
Multi-body Dynamic Simulation of Acti-Valve
Cunjiang Cheng, GEO Widera - Marquette University
Michael Fassett - Acti-Valve Inc.
A computer simulation of a valve (Acti-Valve) is generated using LS-DYNA. Fluid-structure interaction is considered in the finite element analysis (FEA). The stress, displacement and pressure distributions are analyzed during the opening movement of the valve under 1000 psi line pressure.
MODELING SUSPENSION DAMPER MODULES USING LS-DYNA
Jason J. Tao - Delphi Automotive Systems
A suspension damper module is an integration of the vehicle chassis components that control suspension motion. Various analytical tools are currently used in vehicle suspension analyses and component designs. However, these tools are not particularly useful for analysis of proposed damper module designs since they typically do not accurately represent component interactions and force distributions within the module. This paper describes a ...
Recent Developments in LS-DYNA for Civil Engineering
Brian Walker - ARUP
• LS-DYNA has well-known applications for earthquake and blast/impact engineering – Building design development – Site response studies – Development of isolators and energy absorbers • Arup have recently added new features: – Damping model for vibration studies – Material model - Rock and general Mohr-Coulomb – Staged construction – Pore water pressure analysis • This paper will show some applications of the new ...
Characterization of Water Impact Splashdown Event of Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Using LS-DYNA
Matthew E. Melis - NASA Glenn Research Center
Khanh Bui - Livermore Software Technology Corporation
The ALE capability in LS DYNA is used to predict splashdown loads on a proposed replace- ment/upgrade of the hydrazine tanks on the thrust vector control system housed within the aft skirt of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. Two preliminary studies are preformed in working towards conducting a full comprehensive analysis: An analysis of the proposed tank impacting water without supporting structure, and an analysis of actual space ...
The Future of CAE Software How to Achieve Process Automation
Brian Huf - Ford Motor Company
Achieving Process Automation is goal of all software – Automatically do what a user needs to get done. CAE software is no exception. In previous years, technological advances have driven most of the progress in CAE software. CAE software development is now starting to follow the lead of many other software companies by leveraging the concept of Process Guidance (a.k.a. Wizards). This approach has been found to be very effective as well being ...
Evaluation of the Dropping of a Propeller Shaft During Installation on the USS COLE a DDG 51 Class Destroyer
Phillip Burnside - United States Naval Reserve
A terrorist bomb damaged the USS COLE by putting a hole in the side of the ship that was over 30 feet in diameter and flooded the forward engine room. After the ship was stabilized it was placed on the heavy lift ship, the BLUE MARLIN. The BLUE MARLIN brought the USS COLE back to Ingalls shipyard in Pascagoula, Mississippi for repair as seen in figure 1. The Navy wanted to expedite the repairs to the USS COLE and so parts from the battle ...
Non-Penetrating Impact Simulation of Stitched Resin Film Infused Composites
A. M. Floyd, R. Vaziri, A. Poursartip - The University of British Columbia
The CODAM constitutive model has been implemented in LS-DYNA as a user-defined material model (UMAT). Using this material model, quasi-static over-height compact tension (OCT) tests on a stitched resin film infused (S/RFI) carbon/epoxy composite material were simulated, and the results demonstrated good agreement with the measured force and crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD). The same CODAM inputs were then used to simulate ...
Aircraft Engine Blade-Out Dynamics
Kelly S. Carney, Charles Lawrence, Dorothy V. Carney - NASA Glenn Research Center
A primary problem in the design of aircraft gas turbine engine internal and support structures is the accurate simulation of the fan blade-out event and the subsequent windmilling of the engine. Reliable simulations of the blade-out event are required to ensure structural integrity during flight as well as to guarantee successful blade-out certification testing. A model and procedure has been developed which successfully predicts the key ...
DROP ANALYSIS OF THE SKID LANDING GEAR OF THE LIGHT HELICOPTER
Alexander V. Konyukhov, Sergey A. Mikhaylov - Kazan State University, Russia
The analysis of helicopter during landing includes both complicated experimental tests and numerical calculation. Up to now very simple models in helicopter engineering have been used in Russia. Contemporary investigation of these problems involves using modern engineering software. The mechanical models included in these software allow to describe highly nonlinear dynamic behavior of engineering structure. This article contains ...
Optimum Design of a Cellular Phone Using LS-OPT Considering the Phone Drop Tes
Jung Woo Kim - R & D Center
In-Yong Jo, Young-Gu Chung, Jae Moon Lim - KOSTECH Inc.
The main factor of the cellular phone fracture is the impact due to the phone drop. Two cases of design criteria are assigned to reduce the damage of the phone for the drop test. One is that the main part and the battery should not be separated, being dropped at a height of 30 cm. The other is that they should be separated, being dropped at a height of 150 cm. The separation between them could reduce the damage of the cellular phone. However, ...
Materially & Geometrically Nonlinear Woven Composite Micro-mechanical Model with Failure for Finite Element Simulations
Ala Tabiei, Ivelin Ivanov - University of Cincinnati
A computational micro-mechanical material model of woven fabric composite material is developed to simulate failure. The material model is based on repeated unit cell approach. The fiber reorientation is accounted for in the effective stiffness calculation. Material non-linearity due to the shear stresses in the impregnated yarns and the matrix material is included in the model. Micro- mechanical failure criteria determine the stiffness ...
Incorporation of Material Model into LS-DYNA Implicit to Model the Shear Behavior of Uncured Woven-Fabric Composite Materials
Jennifer L. Gorczyca, James A. Sherwood, Darin S. Lussier, Julie Chen - University of Massachusetts Lowell
A shear-frame FE model for use in the LS-DYNA implicit code was created to predict the forming behavior of an uncured woven-fabric composite material. This FE model contains fully integrated shell elements and beam elements. A material model developed by McBride and Chen for plain-weave woven composite materials and later refined by Bulusu and Chen to account for different fabric weaves was incorporated into LS-DYNA implicit to model the ...
Dynamic Pulsebuckling Analysis of FRP Composite Laminated Beams Using LS-DYNA
Zheng Zhang, Farid Taheri - Dalhousie University
Buckling and post-buckling of composite structures have been important research topics since composite materials became widely used in engineering. As a result, significant volume of research has been done on their static stability, while relatively less has been devoted on characterizing their dynamic buckling and post-buckling response. The literature became particularly scares when considering the dynamic pulsebuckling and post buckling of ...
COMPUTATIONAL MICRO-MECHANICAL MODEL OF FLEXIBLE WOVEN FABRIC FOR FINITE ELEMENT IMPACT SIMULATION
Ala Tabiei, Ivelin Ivanov - University of Cincinnati
This work presents a computational material model of flexible woven fabric for finite element impact analysis and simulation. The model is implemented in the nonlinear dynamic explicit finite element code LSDYNA. The material model derivation utilizes the micro-mechanical approach and the homogenization technique usually used in composite material models. The model accounts for reorientation of the yarns and the fabric architecture. The ...
AN LS-DYNA USER DEFINED MATERIAL MODEL FOR LOOSELY WOVEN FABRIC WITH NON-ORTHOGONAL VARYING WEFT AND WARP ANGLE
Marlin Brueggert, Romil R. Tanov - Center for Advanced Product Evaluation, Division of IMMI
The behavior of loosely woven fabrics (LWF) differs significantly from other types of woven fabric materials, the major difference being the significant change that the angle between the weft and warp fibers undergoes as the fabric stretching forces change. These unique characteristics have made the LWF a very important part for the functionality of some recently developed occupant protection safety devices for the automotive and heavy ...
Stochastic Analysis and Optimization of Full Vehicle System for Offset Crush
Hassan El-Hor, Nagappan Sekappan, Hamid Keshtkar - DaimlerChrysler Corporation
This paper attempts to account for the uncertainties inherited in the parameters involved in the offset crush of full vehicle system. The main objective of this work is to perform a reliability-based analysis to obtain the statistical characteristics of dash and toe intrusion responses in a 40 mph offset crush for a full vehicle system due to manufacture, material and design variability that will be defined in this study. Monte Carlo ...
Developing FE-Tire Model Library for Durability and Crash Simulations
Masaki Shiraishi, Naoaki Iwasaki - Sumitomo Rubber Industries, LTD
Tomoharu Saruwatari, Kimihiro Hayashi - The Japan Research Institute,Ltd.
 
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL COMPRESSIVE TESTING OF ALUMINUM FOAM FILLED MILD STEEL TUBULAR HAT SECTIONS
William Altenhof, Rita Turchi - University of Windsor
Anne-Marie Harte - Cymat Corp
This research deals with the experimental and numerical testing of aluminum foam filled mild steel tubular hat sections under axial compression conditions. The presence of aluminum foam within the tubular hat section provides a means of stabilizing the buckling process of the tube under axial compression. This method of applying internal support allows for a greater number of folds to be observed in the axial crushing of the hat sections ...
RESPONSE SURFACE AND SENSITIVITY-BASED OPTIMIZATION IN LS-OPT: A BENCHMARK STUDY
Nielen Stander - Livermore Software Technology Corporation
K.J. Craig - University of Pretoria
This paper evaluates the robustness of LS-OPT for response surface and design sensitivity-based optimization. The methodology uses linear response surfaces constructed in a subregion of the design space. These are constructed using either a design of experiments approach with a D-optimal experimental design or the available analytical or numerical gradient. The approach utilizes a domain reduction scheme to converge to an optimum. The scheme ...
USE OF STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS FOR FMVSS210 SIMULATION READINESS FOR CORRELATION TO HARDWARE TESTING
Amit Sharma, Ashok Deshpande, Raviraj Nayak - General Motors Corporation
The FMVSS210 regulation establishes requirements for seat belt assembly anchorage. The Federal government mandate requires use of Pelvic and Torso Body Blocks for testing belt anchor strengths for lap and shoulder belts respectively. The belt anchorages are to be designed to withstand loads of 13.34 kN if both lap and shoulder belts are used and 22.24 kN if only lap belts are used. The analytical simulation of the hardware test is done using ...
An Application of LS-DYNA for the New FMVSS 208 Front Impact Tests
Charlotte Jamte, Tim Keer, Richard Maloney, Joshua Weage - Arup
The automotive safety community is currently facing the challenge of new front impact legislation (FMVSS 208), to be introduced in the USA in 2004. Vehicles will be subjected to an increased number of and type of barrier tests. This paper describes a new technique, using LS-DYNA, to aid the vehicle development process. A virtual “sled” has been developed for analysis of the different FMVSS 208 impact scenarios. This sled model would ...
Finite Element Simulations and Testing of Washington State Precast Concrete Barrier
Akram Abu-Odeh, D. Lance Bullard - Texas Transportation Institute
Richard B. Albin - Washington State Department of Transportation
Since the early 1970’s, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has used precast concrete barrier (as shown in Figure 1) for both temporary and permanent installations. The use of this barrier in high impact areas has increased through the years and is one of the primary barriers currently used on Washington State highways due to its inherit ease of installation and repair.
SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF CRASHWORTHY STRUCTURES
D. J. Eby, R. S. Sidhu - Applied Computational Design Associates, Inc.
R.C. Averill, E.D. Goodman - Department of Mechanical Engineering
Crashworthiness problems, which are highly dynamic and nonlinear, do not lend themselves well to classical gradient optimization techniques. Evolutionary-based design approaches that employ a form of guided stochastic search algorithm have been successfully applied to these problems. While many design optimization approaches are limited to a small number of continuous design variables, the approach described here can productively search ...
Honeycomb Modeling for Side Impact Moving Deformable Barrier (MDB)
Moisey B. Shkolnikov
Usually honeycomb is used as an energy absorber under impact loads. LS-DYNA constitutive model MAT-26 (*MAT_HONEYCOMB) is to mathematically model honeycomb as an energy absorber. The NHTSA MDB is a physical model of a typical impacting vehicle in side impact tests. The frontal part of MDB is made of honeycomb not just as an energy absorber but as a physical model of a typical car front end. Therefore, here the use of MAT-26 has some ...
DEVELOPMENT OF THE DYNA3D SIMULATION CODE WITH AUTOMATED FRACTURE PROCEDURE FOR BRICK ELEMENTS
Ala Tabiei, Jin Wu - University of Cincinnati
Numerical simulation of cracked structures is an important aspect in structural safety assessment. In recent years, there has been an increasing rate of development of numerical codes for modeling fracture procedure. The subject of this investigation is implementing automated fracture models in the DYNA3D nonlinear explicit finite element code to simulate pseudo 3-D crack growth procedure. The implemented models have the capabilities of ...
DEVELOPMENT OF A COUPLED FINITE ELEMENT AND MESH-FREE METHOD IN LS-DYNA
Cheng-Tang Wu - Livermore Software Technology Corporation
Mark E. Botkin, Hui-Ping Wang - GM R & D Center
 
Processing of Equality Constraints for Implicit in LS-DYNA v. 970
C. Cleve Ashcraft, Roger G. Grimes, Bradley N. Maker - Livermore Software Technology Corporation
LSTC is committed to building an implicit capability into LS-DYNA that is as capable as the flagship explicit capability. Over the years LSTC has added many different types of constraint handling capabilities in explicit that now have to be handled by implicit. The vast majority of these constraints are equality constraints imposed on the linear or nonlinear solution required at each time step. We will describe a new approach for handling ...
AN UPDATED TOOLBOX FOR VALIDATION AND UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT MODELS
Keng C. Yap, G. Wije Wathugala, Timothy K. Hasselman - ACTA Inc.
It is becoming commonplace to use numerical simulations supported by limited experimentation for the characterization of physical phenomena. This trend, with its perceived potential for reducing costs, is the basis for the simulation-based procurement initiatives currently gaining momentum within the government and industry. Insuring the quantitative viability of a simulation-based procurement still requires some experimental data upon which ...
MODAL METHODS FOR TRANSIENT DYNAMIC ANALYSIS IN LS-DYNA
Bradley N. Maker, David J. Benson - Livermore Software Technology Corporation
Modal analysis methods offer an opportunity for tremendous cost savings compared to traditional explicit approaches to transient dynamic analysis. Modal methods approximate the structural response of a body by a linear combination of pre-computed mode shapes, eliminating the need for explicit element processing. LS-DYNA’s new modal analysis capability is combined with existing rigid body features to offer the additional advantage of ...
Validation of a Loading Model for Simulating Blast Mine Effects on Armoured Vehicles
Kevin Williams, Robert Durocher, Benoit St-Jean, Jocelyn Tremblay - Defence R&D Canada - Valcartier
Scott McClennan - University of British Columbia
An ongoing program at Defence R&D Canada to reduce the vulnerability of Light Armoured Vehicle (LAVs) to anti-vehicular blast mines is relying heavily on LS-DYNA to help design and optimize add-on armour systems. A significant challenge in the numerical modelling work is the development of an accurate, or at least representative, loading history for the pressure and momentum transfer from the detonation of a buried blast mine. ...
SHIP STRUCTURES SUBJECT TO HIGH EXPLOSIVE DETONATION
Mark Z. Vulitsky, Zvi H. Karni - John J. McMullen Associates
Predicting the structural response of a naval vessel to a high explosive detonation is an important requirement in naval shipbuilding. Unfortunately, current analysis methods do not provide high level of confidence leading to the utilization of large structural design safety factors. As a result, ships are heavier and more expensive to construct and maintain than may actually be required. Moreover, more reliable predictions can support ...
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